In JIPOE, which step comes first?

• A. Define OE
• B. Describe OE
• C. Evaluate adversary
• D. Determine COAs

Answer: (A)

In JIPOE, the first step is defining the operational environment. This involves outlining the geographic area, time horizon, and the political, military, economic, social, information, and infrastructure factors that will shape analysis. Defining the OE creates a shared frame of reference and explicit boundaries so all intelligence products stay aligned and relevant. Without a clear definition, subsequent work—describing the OE, evaluating adversaries, and determining potential COAs—lacks a stable scope to anchor assumptions and conclusions. Once the OE is defined, you can describe its characteristics, assess how adversaries might operate within those boundaries, and then develop and compare courses of action that are feasible within that environment.